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Current trends in biobanking for rare diseases: a review
Authors Graham CE, Molster C, Baynam GS, Bushby K, Hansson M, Kole A, Mora M, Monaco L, Bellgard M, Carpentieri D, Posada M, Riess O, Rubinstein YR, Schaefer F, Taruscio D, Terry SF, Zatloukal K, Knoppers B, Lochmüller H, Dawkins HJS
Published Date November 2014 Volume 2014:2 Pages 49—61
Received 13 February 2014, Accepted 11 April 2014, Published 21 November 2014
Video abstract presented by Caroline Graham.
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Caroline E Graham,1 Caron Molster,1 Gareth S Baynam,1–4 Kate Bushby,5 Mats Hansson,6 Anna Kole,7Marina Mora,8 Lucia Monaco,9 Matthew Bellgard,10David Carpentieri,11 Manuel Posada,12 Olaf Riess,13Yaffa R Rubinstein,14 Franz Schaefer,15 Domenica Taruscio,16 Sharon F Terry,17 Kurt Zatloukal,18 Bartha Knoppers,19 Hanns Lochmüller,5 Hugh JS Dawkins1,10,20,21
1Office of Population Health Genomics, Western Australian Department of Health, 2Genetic Services of Western Australia, Princess Margaret and King Edward Memorial Hospitals, 3School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, 4Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; 5Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 6Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; 7European Organisation for Rare Diseases, Paris, France; 8Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, C Besta Neurological Institute, 9Fondazione Telethon, Milan, Italy; 10Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; 11Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona, Mayo Medical School, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 12Institute of Rare Diseases Research, ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 13Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; 14Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 15Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany; 16National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; 17Genetic Alliance, Washington, DC, USA;18Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; 19Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 20Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University of Technology, 21School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Abstract: Rare diseases (RD) refer to a collection of approximately 5,000–8,000 individual diseases that have a low prevalence and are often genetic in origin. While RD can manifest throughout life, they frequently affect children and newborns. Common characteristics include being severe, disabling, life-threatening, degenerative and affecting different organ systems. The burden of RD is often exacerbated by a lack of specific treatments. Whilst there is etiological heterogeneity, there is overlap in cellular and molecular pathways. Amongst specialists, there is legitimate hope that based on genetic knowledge and pathway definition, a new medical classification system, currently called “precision medicine”, will be developed, which may change our view on how to apply shared therapeutic targets. Thus, collection of clinical and genetic data and biospecimens (in biobanks) will play an increasing role in diagnoses and development of therapies for RD. Biobanks are maintained collaboratively by researchers or their institutions, and involve a delicate balance between health policy objectives, academic research, public good outcomes, and community trust. Due to the nature of RD, international cooperation is critical for sharing limited numbers of RD samples and achieving a critical mass. Here we review the current and future direction of RD biobanks and discuss research and development stemming from the use of biospecimens to improve management of RD.
Keywords: biobank, biospecimen, rare disease
1Office of Population Health Genomics, Western Australian Department of Health, 2Genetic Services of Western Australia, Princess Margaret and King Edward Memorial Hospitals, 3School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, 4Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; 5Institute of Genetic Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 6Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; 7European Organisation for Rare Diseases, Paris, France; 8Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit, C Besta Neurological Institute, 9Fondazione Telethon, Milan, Italy; 10Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; 11Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona, Mayo Medical School, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 12Institute of Rare Diseases Research, ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 13Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Rare Disease Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; 14Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 15Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany; 16National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; 17Genetic Alliance, Washington, DC, USA;18Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; 19Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 20Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University of Technology, 21School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Abstract: Rare diseases (RD) refer to a collection of approximately 5,000–8,000 individual diseases that have a low prevalence and are often genetic in origin. While RD can manifest throughout life, they frequently affect children and newborns. Common characteristics include being severe, disabling, life-threatening, degenerative and affecting different organ systems. The burden of RD is often exacerbated by a lack of specific treatments. Whilst there is etiological heterogeneity, there is overlap in cellular and molecular pathways. Amongst specialists, there is legitimate hope that based on genetic knowledge and pathway definition, a new medical classification system, currently called “precision medicine”, will be developed, which may change our view on how to apply shared therapeutic targets. Thus, collection of clinical and genetic data and biospecimens (in biobanks) will play an increasing role in diagnoses and development of therapies for RD. Biobanks are maintained collaboratively by researchers or their institutions, and involve a delicate balance between health policy objectives, academic research, public good outcomes, and community trust. Due to the nature of RD, international cooperation is critical for sharing limited numbers of RD samples and achieving a critical mass. Here we review the current and future direction of RD biobanks and discuss research and development stemming from the use of biospecimens to improve management of RD.
Keywords: biobank, biospecimen, rare disease
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