NCI Drug Dictionary - National Cancer Institute | t/T/3

NCI Drug Dictionary - National Cancer Institute

428 results found for: T

TS-1

(Other name for: tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium)

TS-ONE

(Other name for: tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium)

TSP-1 mimetic fusion protein CVX-045

A fusion protein containing two thrombospondin (TSP-1)-derived nonamer peptides covalently attached, via a proprietary diketone linker, to a proprietary humanized catalytic monoclonal aldolase monoclonal antibody with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. The TSP-1 mimetic peptide moieties of TSP-1 mimetic fusion protein CVX-045 bind to TSP-1 receptors, such as CD36, and inhibit tumor angiogenesis, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The proprietary humanized catalytic monoclonal aldolase monoclonal antibody contains reactive lysine residues in its binding sites, which react covalently with compounds having a diketone function; the TSP-1 mimetic peptide moieties are then covalently attached to the diketone linkers via a proprietary spacer. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TTI-237

A small synthetic molecule of triazolopyrimidine derivative with potential antitumor activity. With a novel mechanism of action distinct from the action of other vinca alkaloid compounds, TTI-237 specifically binds to tubulin at the vinca site, and promotes the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules. TTI-237 stabilizes tubulin and inhibits microtubule disassembly. This results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and leading to cell death. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubercidin

An antibiotic and adenosine analog isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces tubercidicus with potential antineoplastic activity. Tubercidin is incorporated into DNA and inhibits polymerases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubulin inhibitor ALB 109564(a)

A semi-synthetic derivative of the vinka alkaloid vinblastine with potential antineoplastic activity. Tubulin inhibitor ALB 109564(a) binds to tubulin monomers and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubulin polymerization inhibitor CKD-516

A benzophenone derivative and water soluble valine prodrug of the tubulin binding agent S516, with potential tubulin-inhibiting, vascular-disrupting and antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tubulin polymerization inhibitor CKD-516 is converted into its active metabolite S-516, which binds to tubulin and prevents its polymerization in tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells. This blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. As a result, this agent disrupts the tumor vasculature and tumor blood flow, deprives tumor cells of nutrients and induces tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, this agent has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization.

tubulin-binding agent SSR97225

An antimitotic tubulin-binding agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Tubulin-binding agent SSR97225 binds to tubulin, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint and preventing mitosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tucatinib

An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 (also called HER2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Tucatinib selectively binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of ErbB-2, which may prevent the activation of ErbB-2 signal transduction pathways, resulting in growth inhibition and death of ErbB-2-expressing tumor cells. ErbB-2 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tucidinostat

An orally bioavailable benzamide type inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoenzymes 1, 2, 3 and 10, with potential antineoplastic activity. Tucidinostat selectively binds to and inhibits HDAC leading to an increase of acetylation levels of histone protein H3. This agent also inhibits the expression of signaling kinases in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Ras signaling pathways and may result in cell cycle arrest and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. HDACs, a class of enzymes that deacetylate chromatin histone proteins, are upregulated in many tumor types and play key roles in gene expression. Compared to some other benzamide type HDAC inhibitors, tucidinostat is more stable, more resistant to degradation and has a longer half-life. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tucotuzumab celmoleukin

A recombinant fusion protein comprised of a human monoclonal antibody directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM or KS) linked to an active interleukin-2 (IL2) molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. The humanized monoclonal antibody moiety of tucotuzumab celmoleukin recognizes and binds to EpCAM, a cell surface epithelial protein that is expressed on a wide variety of cancer cells, thereby concentrating IL2 in EpCAM-expressing tumor tissue. Subsequently, the localized IL2 moiety of this fusion protein may stimulate a cytotoxic T-cell antitumor immune response. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tumor cell-derived DRibbles vaccine

An autophagosome-enriched cancer vaccine composed of short-lived proteins (SLiPs) and defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) derived from tumor cells, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. The Dribbles are DriPs- and SLiPs-filled autophagosomes that are made by treating cancer cells with both a proteasome inhibitor, to prevent protein degradation, and an autophagy inducer, which causes the accumulation of DriPs, SLiPs, and their immunogenic fragments. Upon administration of a Dribbles vaccine, the proteins or antigen fragments in Dribbles may stimulate the immune system to mount cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T-lymphocyte responses against the cancer-associated antigens (TAAs). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (281 aa, ~33 kDa) is encoded by the human TNFSF10 gene. This protein plays a role in the induction of apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tumor peptide-loaded myeloid dendritic cells

A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of myeloid dendritic cells (myDCs) pulsed with tumor peptides with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the tumor peptide-loaded myDCs stimulate a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tumor-cells apoptosis factor hormone-peptide

A synthetic 14-amino acid peptide derived from a novel human peptide hormone, Tumor-Cells Apoptosis Factor (TCApF), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, tumor-cells apoptosis factor hormone-peptide binds to the T1/ST2 receptor (IL1RL1) and activates both caspase 8 and Bcl-2 mediated apoptosis, in addition to the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling cascades in tumor cells. Furthermore, this agent inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (VEGFR1). Tumor-cells apoptosis factor hormone-peptide also modulates immune system responses via increasing the expressions of interleukin-10 and anti-angiogenic interleukin. T1/ST2 receptor, a member of the toll/interleukin-1 receptor superfamily, is overexpressed in certain cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tumor-homing peptide iRGD

A 9-amino-acid-based cyclic, tumor specific homing, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-based peptide (CRGDKRGPDC), with tumor penetrating activity. The iRGD contains the RGD motif as well as the C-terminal end binding (CendR) motif that increases internalization. Upon administration, the RGD motif of the iRGD peptide is able to specifically target tumors by binding to alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 integrins on tumor endothelium. In turn, iRGD is cleaved by specific tumor proteases, which exposes the positively charged CendR motif. This motif binds to neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a receptor overexpressed on certain tumor cells. This increases vascular permeability of tumor blood vessels and promotes tumor penetration. Compared to other RGD peptides, this agent is able to both improve delivery and increase the accumulation of co-administered or conjugated chemotherapeutic agents in the tumor. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tygacil

(Other name for: tigecycline)

Tykerb

(Other name for: lapatinib ditosylate)

Tylenol

(Other name for: acetaminophen)

type-1 polarized dendritic cell-induced antigen-specific autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A preparation of autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), specifically reactive to melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-3), MAGE-4, survivin, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), with potential immunomodulating activity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are collected from the patient. Subsequently, autologous dendritic cells (DCs) are separated, treated with a certain combination of cytokines to produce polarized type-1 DCs (DC1), and then are loaded with MAGE-3/MAGE-4/survivin/HER2/COX-2 CTL epitope peptides. In turn, autologous CTLs are collected, exposed ex vivo to the antigen-loaded DC1s and subsequently expanded in vitro. Upon re-infusion of the DC1-induced MAGE-3/MAGE-4/survivin/HER2/COX-2-specific autologous CTLs, the CTLs target and lyse tumor cells expressing the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Exposure to DC1s generates more potent CTLs and thus induces a more potent CTL response against TAA-expressing tumor cells. The targeted TAAs play key roles in cellular proliferation and are overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

typhoid vaccine

A bacterial vaccine used to prevent typhoid fever, which is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyroserleutide

A tripeptide consisting of tyrosine, serine, and leucine with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of its antitumor activity has yet to be fully elucidated, tyroserleutide appears to inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), a cell adhesion factor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that plays an important role in the invasion, adhesion, and metastasis of tumor cells. In addition, this agent may influence the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway, inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K); PI3K is upregulated in tumor cells and is involved in cellular proliferation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosinase peptide

One of a number of recombinant peptides consisting of amino acid residues of the enzyme tyrosinase, a protein frequently expressed by melanoma cells. Vaccination with tyrosinase peptide may stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against tyrosinase-expressing tumor cells, resulting in decreased tumor growth. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosinase-related protein-1

A recombinant peptide of the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) used in vaccine therapy. Expressed by cells of melanocyte origin, TRP1 is an enzyme involved in the process that converts tyrosinase to melanin pigments. Vaccination with TRP1 may stimulate cytotoxic T cell responses to melanoma cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-930

A selective thiophene-derived tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-930 inhibits stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which may result in the inhibition of both tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Both c-Kit and VEGFR2 are overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosine kinase inhibitor XL228

A synthetic molecule that targets multiple tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor XL228 binds to and inhibits the activities of multiple tyrosine kinases, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), Src tyrosine kinase, and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Blockade of these kinases may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In addition, this agent may be a potent inhibitor of the T315I mutant form of the Abl protein, which is associated with the resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. IGF1R and Src tyrosine kinases are upregulated in many tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Bcr-Abl translocation leads to constitutive activation of ABL kinase and is commonly associated with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tysabri

(Other name for: natalizumab)

Tyzeka

(Other name for: telbivudine)