CNS Fluid and Solute Movement: Physiology, Modelling and Imaging
Uncertainty quantification of parenchymal tracer distribution using random diffusion and convective velocity fields
Influx and clearance of substances in the brain parenchyma occur by a combination of diffusion and convection, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is unclear. Accurate modeling of tracer distributi...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:32Is solute movement within the extracellular spaces of brain gray matter brought about primarily by diffusion or flow? A commentary on “Analysis of convective and diffusive transport in the brain interstitium” Fluids and Barriers of the CNS (2019) 16:6 by L. Ray, J.J. Iliff and J.J. Heys
Solutes can enter and leave gray matter in the brain by perivascular routes. The glymphatic hypothesis supposes that these movements are a consequence of inward flow along periarterial spaces and an equal outw...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:24The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:6The Letter to the Editor Response to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:23In response to “Is solute movement within the extracellular spaces of brain gray matter brought about primarily by diffusion or flow?”
In our work, “Analysis of Convective and Diffusive Transport in the Brain Interstitium”, published in this journal (2019, 16:6), we estimate the interstitial superficial velocity by comparison of transport model ...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:23The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:24Hydraulic resistance of periarterial spaces in the brain
Periarterial spaces (PASs) are annular channels that surround arteries in the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): a flow of CSF in these channels is thought to be an important part of the brain’s syst...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:19A perfusion bioreactor-based 3D model of the subarachnoid space based on a meningeal tissue construct
Altered flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the subarachnoid space (SAS) is connected to brain, but also optic nerve degenerative diseases. To overcome the lack of suitable in vitro models that faithfully...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:17The need for mathematical modelling of spatial drug distribution within the brain
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the main barrier that separates the blood from the brain. Because of the BBB, the drug concentration-time profile in the brain may be substantially different from that in the b...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:12Dispersion in porous media in oscillatory flow between flat plates: applications to intrathecal, periarterial and paraarterial solute transport in the central nervous system
As an alternative to advection, solute transport by shear-augmented dispersion within oscillatory cerebrospinal fluid flow was investigated in small channels representing the basement membranes located between...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:13Enhanced in vitro model of the CSF dynamics
Fluid dynamics of the craniospinal system are complex and still not completely understood. In vivo flow and pressure measurements of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are limited. Whereas in silico modeling can be...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:11Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial pressure elevation in neurological diseases
The fine balance between the secretion, composition, volume and turnover of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is strictly regulated. However, during certain neurological diseases, this balance can be disrupted. A sign...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:9Spinal CSF flow in response to forced thoracic and abdominal respiration
Respiration-induced pressure changes represent a powerful driving force of CSF dynamics as previously demonstrated using flow-sensitive real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of the present st...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:10Effect of extradural constriction on CSF flow in rat spinal cord
Fluid homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for normal neurological function. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space and interstitial fluid circulation in the CNS parenchyma...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:7Analysis of convective and diffusive transport in the brain interstitium
Despite advances in in vivo imaging and experimental techniques, the nature of transport mechanisms in the brain remain elusive. Mathematical modelling verified using available experimental data offers a power...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:6The Letter to the Editor to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:24Opposing CSF hydrodynamic trends found in the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern following shunt treatment in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
This study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics using cine phase-contrast MRI in the cerebral aqueduct and the prepontine cistern between three distinct groups: pre-shunt normal pressure hydroc...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:2Choroid plexus genes for CSF production and brain homeostasis are altered in Alzheimer’s disease
The roles of the choroid plexus (CP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production have drawn increasing attention in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research. Specifically, studies document markedly decreased CSF product...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:34Elimination of substances from the brain parenchyma: efflux via perivascular pathways and via the blood–brain barrier
This review considers efflux of substances from brain parenchyma quantified as values of clearances (CL, stated in µL g−1 min−1). Total clearance of a substance is the sum of clearance values for all available ro...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:30Characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure waveform and craniospinal compliance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension subjects
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of abnormally high intracranial pressure with an unknown etiology. The objective of this study is to characterize craniospinal compliance and measure t...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:21Pulsatile flow drivers in brain parenchyma and perivascular spaces: a resistance network model study
In animal models, dissolved compounds in the subarachnoid space and parenchyma have been found to preferentially transport through the cortex perivascular spaces (PVS) but the transport phenomena involved are ...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:20Is bulk flow plausible in perivascular, paravascular and paravenous channels?
Transport of solutes has been observed in the spaces surrounding cerebral arteries and veins. Indeed, transport has been found in opposite directions in two different spaces around arteries. These findings hav...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:17Fluid outflow in the rat spinal cord: the role of perivascular and paravascular pathways
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to flow into the brain via perivascular spaces around arteries, where it mixes with interstitial fluid. The precise details concerning fluid outflow remain controversial. A...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:13A 3D subject-specific model of the spinal subarachnoid space with anatomically realistic ventral and dorsal spinal cord nerve rootlets
The spinal subarachnoid space (SSS) has a complex 3D fluid-filled geometry with multiple levels of anatomic complexity, the most salient features being the spinal cord and dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets. An...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:36Hyperdynamic CSF motion profiles found in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer’s disease assessed by fluid mechanics derived from magnetic resonance images
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not only ascertain morphological features, but also measures physiological properties such as fluid velocity or pressure gradient. The purpose of this study was to investi...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:29Characterization of cardiac- and respiratory-driven cerebrospinal fluid motion based on asynchronous phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in volunteers
A classification of cardiac- and respiratory-driven components of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion has been demonstrated using echo planar imaging and time-spatial labeling inversion pulse techniques of magnet...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:25Is posture-related craniospinal compliance shift caused by jugular vein collapse? A theoretical analysis
Postural changes are related to changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. While sitting up leads to a decrease in cranial CSF pressure, it also causes shifts in the craniospinal CSF volume and compliance ...Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:5
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