herenciageneticayenfermedad: Genetics

lunes, 22 de enero de 2018

Genetics - Jan 17, 2018 Edition

	January 17, 2018
	Genetics
	The latest Genetics news from News Medical

	Study finds genetic variations linked to BMI and obesity risk It's not just diet and physical activity; your genes also determine how easily you lose or gain weight. In a study published in the January issue of Nature Genetics, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and other institutions of the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits consortium found 13 genes that carry variations associated with body mass index.

	Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) involves the amplification and sequencing of mRNA. It can be used to identify causal genes in disease.

			Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) TALENs are artificial restriction enzymes that can cut DNA upon contact, creating double-stranded breaks. They are used in biological research and genetics.

			A Guide to Histone Modifications Gene expression is regulated by histone modifications, which are post-translational modifications. The most modified histone is histone H3. Post-translational modifications to histones – called marks – regulate gene expression by arranging the genome into active euchromatin regions or inactive heterochromatin regions

			MPSS and SAGE Compared MPSS and SAGE are commonly used to quantify gene expression. Both can be used without prior sequence information and have similar applications.

			Genetic analysis can enhance outcomes of depression treatment The failure of drugs such as SSRIs, used to treat depression, can be a result of genetic variations in patients.

	Researchers find evidence for genetic relationship between epileptic seizures and depression From the time of Hippocrates, physicians have suspected a link between epilepsy and depression. Now, for the first time, scientists at Rutgers University-New Brunswick and Columbia University have found evidence that seizures and mood disorders such as depression may share the same genetic cause in some people with epilepsy, which may lead to better screening and treatment to improve patients' quality of life.

	Key Markers and Tools to Explore the Hallmarks of Cancer During early 2000, professors Weinberg and Hanahan proposed that cells acquire distinctive capabilities when they advance towards a neoplastic state1. These were called hallmarks of cancer and created a useful framework to gain insights into tumor pathogenesis.

	Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) and DNA Microarray Compared DNA microarrays provide rapid screening for a large number of known genes. SAGE cannot facilitate as many samples but can screen uncharacterized genomes.

	RNA interference (RNAi) in biotechnology RNA interference is a rapidly developing method of gene silencing. It is used to genetically engineer plants against stress, disease and pest resistance.

	Family study looks at potential genetic distinctions between bipolar disorder subtypes The most common subtypes of bipolar disorder, bipolar I and bipolar II, stem-at least in part-from different biological causes, according to a new study published in Biological Psychiatry.

	Research sheds new light on genetic, environmental factors that promote prostate cancer metastasis Prostate tumors tend to be what scientists call "indolent" - so slow-growing and self-contained that many affected men die with prostate cancer, not of it. But for the percentage of men whose prostate tumors metastasize, the disease is invariably fatal.

	Research provides insights into mechanisms governing healthy longevity Keio University Global Research Institute, Tokyo publishes the January 2018 issue of KGRI Research Frontiers that includes researcher video profiles of Keio University researchers and research highlights from high impact publications including 'Regenerative medicine needs collaboration in and out of science in order to face current and future challenges; ‘Does eating fish protect you from depression?’; ‘Insights into the molecular mechanisms...

	Study suggests shared genetic susceptibility to epilepsy and mood disorders Mood disorders, including depression, are the most common comorbid conditions in individuals with epilepsy, but the cause remains unclear, according to a latest study by researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Rutgers University.

	Novel polygenic hazard score captures age variations of aggressive prostate cancer An international team, led by researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, has developed and validated a genetic tool for predicting age of onset of aggressive prostate cancer, a disease that kills more than 26,000 American men annually.

	Scientists develop genetically engineered probiotic that targets and kills cancer cells in the gut A new study has identified a way to turn a humble cocktail of bacteria and vegetables into a targeted system that finds and kills colorectal cancer cells.

	Researchers develop remote-controlled mechanogenetics system to target and kill cancer cells A team of researchers has developed an ultrasound-based system that can non-invasively and remotely control genetic processes in live immune T cells so that they recognize and kill cancer cells.

	Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing compared Currently, the two most popular methods of DNA sequencing are Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS). View a comparison of each method here.

	Scientists identify six new gene regions that may help treat type 1 diabetes Six novel chromosomal regions identified by scientists leading a large, prospective study of children at risk for type 1 diabetes will enable the discovery of more genes that cause the disease and more targets for treating or even preventing it.

	Prostate cancer’s gene-determined ‘immune landscape’ dictates tumor progression The field of immunotherapy - the harnessing of patients' own immune systems to fend off cancer - is revolutionizing cancer treatment today. However, clinical trials often show marked improvements in only small subsets of patients, suggesting that as-yet unidentified variations among tumors result in distinct paths of disease progression and response to therapy.

	FDA grants approval for first drug to treat inherited breast cancer The U.S.

	Variations in bacterial strains can trigger varying immune responses, study states A new study published in PLOS Pathogens revealed the role of genetic variations between different strains of the same bacterial species in inducing variations in immune system responses. Former studies have shown that susceptibility to infection with the same species of disease causing bacteria may vary among people.

	Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Management and Prognosis Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the baby does not grow properly during its time in the mother’s womb. It is due to a mix of factors including disease conditions in the mother, genetic defects in the baby, and poor placental growth.

	Circadian clock proteins set the pace of plant growth Scientists at the Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) in Spain have identified the members of a protein family linked with the internal clocks of plants that act sequentially to restrict plant growth until just before daylight, according to a new study published in the journal Current Biology.

	Mount Sinai study uncovers potential link between Crohn's and Parkinson's in Jewish population Mount Sinai Researchers have just discovered that patients in the Ashkenazi Jewish population with Crohn's disease (a chronic inflammatory of the digestive system) are more likely to carry the LRRK2 gene mutation.

	Caltech researchers develop new method to see neural connections in living flies The human brain is composed of billions of neurons wired together in intricate webs and communicating through electrical pulses and chemical signals.

	Changing belief patterns about causes of mental illness may increase social acceptance Belief that mental illness is biological has increased among both health experts and the public in recent years.

	RAS dimers essential for causing cancer, study shows Mutated RAS genes are some of the most common genetic drivers of cancer, especially in aggressive cancers like pancreatic and lung cancer, but no medicines that target RAS are available despite decades of effort.

	Unhealthy diet makes the body's defenses more aggressive in the long term The immune system reacts similarly to a high fat and high-calorie diet as to a bacterial infection. This is shown by a recent study led by the University of Bonn.

	Groundbreaking report highlights plan to end bowel cancer A groundbreaking report, led by Professor Mark Lawler, Chair in Translational Cancer Genomics at Queen's University Belfast highlights a plan to end bowel cancer, the second most common cause of cancer death in Europe.

	Researchers develop new dynamic statistical model to follow gene expressions over time Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new dynamic statistical model to visualize changing patterns in networks, including gene expression during developmental periods of the brain.

	Studying Histone Modifications with Key Tools and Techniques This article guides users on how to select reagents and techniques that are ideal for their experiments, right from sample preparation through to modification identification and characterization.

	Cross-Linking Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (X-ChIP) with ChIP Protocol ChIP is an effective technique used for specifically matching histone or protein modifications to the genomic regions. After isolating chromatin, antibodies to the antigen concerned are used to establish whether this target attaches to a specific DNA sequence or not, or to alternatively map the distribution across the genome (DNA or microarray sequencing). This can be carried out either temporally or spatially.

	Tips and Tricks for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Introduction This article describes chromatin fragmentation, cross-linking, ChIP antibodies, and draws a comparison between X-ChIP and N-ChIP techniques. What is ChIP? The ChIP follows a simple principle - the selective enrichment of a chromatin percentage comprising of a specific protein. A target protein along with its relevant DNA is immunoprecipitated with an antibody.

	Study reveals new diabetes gene in families with rare blood sugar conditions A study of families with rare blood sugar conditions has revealed a new gene thought to be critical in the regulation of insulin, the key hormone in diabetes.

	Study reveals how dengue virus replicates without triggering the body's defenses A new study reveals how dengue virus manages to reproduce itself in an infected person without triggering the body's normal defenses. Duke researchers report that dengue pulls off this hoax by co-opting a specialized structure within host cells for its own purposes, like a lazy roommate sneaking bits of his laundry into the communal wash.

	Researchers discover new type of botulinum neurotoxin from unexpected source Researchers from the Quadram Institute have identified genes encoding a previously undiscovered version of the botulinum neurotoxin in bacteria from a cow's gut.

	An Introduction to p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein TP53, a tumor suppressor gene, and p53, its protein product, were first discovered in 1979 and since then, they have been the subject of intense research in the field of cancer biology.

	Researchers discover new weapon to combat tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease which attacks the lungs, claims someone's life every 20 seconds and 1.5 million lives worldwide every year.