Reviews from Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
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Variants of uncertain significance in the era of high-throughput genome sequencing: a lesson from breast and ovary cancers
The promising expectations about personalized medicine have opened the path to routine large-scale sequencing and increased the importance of genetic counseling for hereditary cancers, among which hereditary b...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:46The interplay between HIF-1α and noncoding RNAs in cancer
Hypoxia is a classic characteristic of the tumor microenvironment with a significant impact on cancer progression and therapeutic response. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), the most important transcr...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:27The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:45Vitamin D, gut microbiota, and radiation-related resistance: a love-hate triangle
Radiation resistance is a serious issue in radiotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation resistance. Vitamin D is an important supplemen...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:493Metformin in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism, preclinical and clinical aspects
Growing evidence showed the increased prevalence of cancer incidents, particularly colorectal cancer, among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Antidiabetic medications such as, insulin, sulfonylureas, dipeptyl...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:491Molecular targeted and immune checkpoint therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Molecular targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed markedly. Although sorafenib was used in clinical practice as the first molecular targeted agent in 2007, the SHARPE and Asian...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:447Recent advances in nanotheranostics for triple negative breast cancer treatment
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and aggressive type of breast cancer encountered world widely in women. Absence of hormonal receptors on breast cancer cells necessitates the chemothera...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:430Activity of MCPIP1 RNase in tumor associated processes
The monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein (MCPIP) family consists of 4 members (MCPIP1–4) encoded by the ZC3h12A-D genes, which are located at different loci. The common features of MCPIP proteins are ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:421Immunotherapy of brain metastases: breaking a “dogma”
Until very few years ago, the oncology community dogmatically excluded any clinical potential for immunotherapy in controlling brain metastases. Therefore, despite the significant therapeutic efficacy of monoc...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:419Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments
Iron, an indispensable element for life, is involved in all kinds of important physiological activities. Iron promotes cell growth and proliferation, but it also causes oxidative stress damage. The body has a ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:406Targeting T cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy
T cells play important roles in anti-tumor immunity. Emerging evidence has revealed that distinct metabolic changes impact the activation and differentiation of T cells. Tailoring immune responses by manipulat...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:403From bench to bed: the tumor immune microenvironment and current immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the most common primary liver malignancy and the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, despite advances in HCC treatment, less than 40% o...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:396Cancer therapeutics using survivin BIRC5 as a target: what can we do after over two decades of study?
Survivin (also named BIRC5) is a well-known cancer therapeutic target. Since its discovery more than two decades ago, the use of survivin as a target for cancer therapeutics has remained a central goal of surv...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:368RhoC: a fascinating journey from a cytoskeletal organizer to a Cancer stem cell therapeutic target
Tumor heterogeneity results in differential response to therapy due to the existence of plastic tumor cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit the property of resistance to therapy, invasion and m...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:328Effects of hyperglycemia on the progression of tumor diseases
Malignant tumors are often multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown that hyperglycemia raises the prevalence and mortality of certain malignancies, like breast, liver, bladder, pancreatic, colorectal...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:327Curcumin: a therapeutic strategy in cancers by inhibiting the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway
Numerous studies have presented that curcumin could have a positive effect in the prevention of cancer and then in tumor therapy. Several hypotheses have highlighted that curcumin could decreases tumor growth ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:323Role of protein kinase CK2 in antitumor drug resistance
Drug resistance represents the major reason of pharmacological treatment failure. It is supported by a broad spectrum of mechanisms, whose molecular bases have been frequently correlated to aberrant protein ph...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:287MET in glioma: signaling pathways and targeted therapies
Gliomas represent the most common type of malignant brain tumor, among which, glioblastoma remains a clinical challenge with limited treatment options and dismal prognosis. It has been shown that the dysregula...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:270Advances in cancer immunotherapy 2019 – latest trends
Immunotherapy has become an established pillar of cancer treatment improving the prognosis of many patients with a broad variety of hematological and solid malignancies. The two main drivers behind this succes...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:268Autophagy manipulation as a strategy for efficient anticancer therapies: possible consequences
Autophagy is a catabolic process whose activation may help cancer cells to adapt to cellular stress although, in some instances, it can induce cell death. Autophagy stimulation or inhibition has been considere...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:262Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers for treatment of cancer
Targeting checkpoints of immune cell activation has been demonstrated to be the most effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and p...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:255The roles of nuclear focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on Cancer: a focused review
FAK is a tyrosine kinase overexpressed in cancer cells and plays an important role in the progression of tumors to a malignant phenotype. Except for its typical role as a cytoplasmic kinase downstream of integ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:250MicroRNA based theranostics for brain cancer: basic principles
Because of the complexity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain tumors, especially the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor type arising from the central nervous system (CNS), glioblastoma, rem...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:231FGFs/FGFRs-dependent signalling in regulation of steroid hormone receptors – implications for therapy of luminal breast cancer
Stromal stimuli mediated by growth factor receptors, leading to ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors, have long been implicated in development of breast cancer resistance to endocrine the...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:230The roles of glucose metabolic reprogramming in chemo- and radio-resistance
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:218Effects of short-term fasting on cancer treatment
Growing preclinical evidence shows that short-term fasting (STF) protects from toxicity while enhancing the efficacy of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various tumour types. STF reinfo...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:209Molecular pattern of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most notable lethal malignancies worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of this disease remain poorly understood. O...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:198The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:352STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is typically lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), represents the most aggre...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:195The effects and the mechanisms of autophagy on the cancer-associated fibroblasts in cancer
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays an essential role in cancer cell growth, metabolism and immunoreaction. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process that balances cell energy source and re...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:171Therapeutic challenges and current immunomodulatory strategies in targeting the immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal type of cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5%. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. To date, no ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:162Clinical development of targeted and immune based anti-cancer therapies
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented understanding of the molecular pathways that...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:156Cancer DNA vaccines: current preclinical and clinical developments and future perspectives
The recent developments in immuno-oncology have opened an unprecedented avenue for the emergence of vaccine strategies. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered a very promising strategy to activate ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:1463D models in the new era of immune oncology: focus on T cells, CAF and ECM
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has changed clinical practice for patients with different cancers, since these agents have demonstrated a significant improvement of overall survival and are effective in ma...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:117MAPKAPK2: the master regulator of RNA-binding proteins modulates transcript stability and tumor progression
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including inflammation and metastasis. Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:121Collagens and Cancer associated fibroblasts in the reactive stroma and its relation to Cancer biology
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cancer progression. It can be divided into the basement membrane (BM) that supports epithelial/endothelial cell behavior and the interstitial matrix (I...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:115New combinatorial strategies to improve the PARP inhibitors efficacy in the urothelial bladder Cancer treatment
Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for the treatment of metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer. DNA damaging repair (DDR) targeting has been introduced in cinical trials for bladder cancer patients...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:91Challenges and potential of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for glioblastoma
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have achieved significant progress in several kinds of tumours. Pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung c...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:87MicroRNA-34 family: a potential tumor suppressor and therapeutic candidate in cancer
MicroRNA-34 (miR-34) has been reported to be dysregulated in various human cancers and regarded as a tumor suppressive microRNA because of its synergistic effect with the well-known tumor suppressor p53. Along...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:53Emerging roles of telomeric chromatin alterations in cancer
Telomeres, the nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play important and multiple roles in tumorigenesis. Functional telomeres need the establishment of a protective chromatin st...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:21RANKL/RANK/OPG system beyond bone remodeling: involvement in breast cancer and clinical perspectives
RANKL/RANK/OPG system consists of three essential signaling molecules: i) the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB-ligand (RANKL), ii) the receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), and iii) the soluble decoy...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:12Pancreatic cancer associated with obesity and diabetes: an alternative approach for its targeting
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among foremost causes of cancer related deaths worldwide due to generic symptoms, lack of effective screening strategies and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapies. The risk factors ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:319Bypassing drug resistance by triggering necroptosis: recent advances in mechanisms and its therapeutic exploitation in leukemia
Resistance to regulated cell death is one of the hallmarks of human cancers; it maintains cell survival and significantly limits the effectiveness of conventional drug therapy. Leukemia represents a class of h...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:310Correction to: Emerging roles of Myc in stem cell biology and novel tumor therapies
In the publication of this article [1] there are three errors.Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:285The original article was published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:173The role of cellular reactive oxygen species in cancer chemotherapy
Most chemotherapeutics elevate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and many can alter redox-homeostasis of cancer cells. It is widely accepted that the anticancer effect of these chemotherap...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:266Recent advances in searching c-Myc transcriptional cofactors during tumorigenesis
The mechanism by which c-Myc exerts its oncogenic functions is not completely clear and different hypotheses are still under investigation. The knowledge of the capacity of c-Myc to bind exclusively E-box sequ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:239The roles of tumor-derived exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical implications
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in both men and women worldwide due to diagnosis in the advanced stag...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:226Regulation of PTEN expression by noncoding RNAs
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) triggers a battery of intracellular signaling pathways, especially PI3K/Akt, playing important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, such as cancer, neurodevel...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:223Clinical applications of liquid biopsy as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality due to a low early diagnosis rate, resistance to systemic treatments and progression to late-stage liver di...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:213Advances in circular RNAs and their roles in breast Cancer
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNAs with a closed loop structure. With the development of high-throughput sequencing, massive circRNAs have been discovered in tumorous tissues. Emerging evide...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:206Relationship between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the inflammatory microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involving multiple genes, steps and stages. It refers to the disruption of tight intercellular junctions among epithelial cells under specific co...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:203Emerging roles of Myc in stem cell biology and novel tumor therapies
The pathophysiological roles and the therapeutic potentials of Myc family are reviewed in this article. The physiological functions and molecular machineries in stem cells, including embryonic stem (ES) cells ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:173The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2018 37:285
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