Microvesicles and Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Development and Resistance to Therapies
Neddylation: a novel modulator of the tumor microenvironment
Neddylation, a post-translational modification that adds an ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to substrate proteins, modulates many important biological processes, including tumorigenesis. The process of protein ne...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:77Circular RNA AKT3 upregulates PIK3R1 to enhance cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer via miR-198 suppression
Cisplatin (CDDP) treatment is one of the most predominant chemotherapeutic strategies for patients with gastric cancer (GC). A better understanding of the mechanisms of CDDP resistance can greatly improve ther...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:71Cancer-associated fibroblasts as abettors of tumor progression at the crossroads of EMT and therapy resistance
In the last decades, the role of the microenvironment in tumor progression and therapeutic outcome has gained increasing attention. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have emerged as key players among stroma...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:70Tumor microenvironment-driven non-cell-autonomous resistance to antineoplastic treatment
Drug resistance is of great concern in cancer treatment because most effective drugs are limited by the development of resistance following some periods of therapeutic administration. The tumor microenvironmen...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:69Targeting interleukin-6 as a strategy to overcome stroma-induced resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer
Although the tumor stroma in solid tumors like gastric cancer (GC) plays a crucial role in chemo-resistance, specific targets to inhibit the interaction between the stromal and cancer cells have not yet been u...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:68Recent advances in understanding tumor stroma-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer
Although solid tumors comprise malignant cells, they also contain many different non-malignant cell types in their micro-environment. The cellular components of the tumor stroma consist of immune and endotheli...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:67Stem cells in homeostasis and cancer of the gut
The intestinal epithelial lining is one of the most rapidly renewing cell populations in the body. As a result, the gut has been an attractive model to resolve key mechanisms in epithelial homeostasis. In part...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:66Reactive oxygen species: a volatile driver of field cancerization and metastasis
Field cancerization and metastasis are the leading causes for cancer recurrence and mortality in cancer patients. The formation of primary, secondary tumors or metastasis is greatly influenced by multifaceted ...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:65Crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor associated macrophages is required for mesenchymal circulating tumor cell-mediated colorectal cancer metastasis
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major components of tumor microenvironment that frequently associated with tumor metastasis in human cancers. Circulating tumor cell (CTC), originating from primary tumo...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:64Effect of tumor microenvironment on pathogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell components of extracellular matrix. T...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:63The roles of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer development, microenvironment, anti-cancer drug resistance, and therapy
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in both men and women due to delayed diagnosis and high metastatic frequency. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanovesicl...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:62Long noncoding RNA Pvt1 regulates the immunosuppression activity of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) participate in tumor-elicited immunosuppression by dramatically blocking T-cell-induced antitumor responses, thereby influencing the effectiveness of cancer immunothera...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:61Synergistic effect of immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) activates host’s anti-tumor immune response by blocking negative regulatory immune signals. A series of clinical trials showed that ICI could effectively induce tumor regressi...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:60Extracellular vesicles in the tumor microenvironment: old stories, but new tales
Mammalian cells synthesize and release heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) which can be generally recognized as subclasses including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies (ABs), each diffe...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:59Therapy resistance mediated by exosomes
Therapy resistance can arise within tumor cells because of genetic or phenotypic changes (intrinsic resistance), or it can be the result of an interaction with the tumor microenvironment (extrinsic resistance)...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:58Exosome-orchestrated hypoxic tumor microenvironment
Hypoxic tumor microenvironment is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness and poor patient outcomes. A continuous interference between cancer cells and stromal cells within the h...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:57Exo-circRNAs: a new paradigm for anticancer therapy
CircRNAs, as new members of long noncoding RNAs, have been the focus of recent investigation. CircRNAs feature a closed continuous loop structure without 5′-3′ polarity or a poly A tail. Many studies have repo...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:56Extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication: roles in the tumor microenvironment and anti-cancer drug resistance
The tumor microenvironment represents a complex network, in which tumor cells not only communicate with each other but also with stromal and immune cells. Current research has demonstrated the vital role of th...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:55MiR155 sensitized B-lymphoma cells to anti-PD-L1 antibody via PD-1/PD-L1-mediated lymphoma cell interaction with CD8+T cells
MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in lymphoma progression by regulating tumor cell interaction with microenvironment. MiR155 is overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its biological effect on t...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:54Emerging roles and therapeutic value of exosomes in cancer metastasis
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles of 30 to 150 nm that contain diverse proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These vesicles facilitate effective intercellular communication and trigger profound environmental c...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:53Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer
Intercellular communication between cellular compartments within the tumor and at distant sites is critical for the development and progression of cancer. Exosomes have emerged as potential regulators of intra...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:52Exploiting vulnerabilities of cancer by targeting nuclear receptors of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamic cellular community comprising the tumor epithelium and various tumor-supporting cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts, immunosuppressive cells, adipose cel...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:51Microvesicles and chemokines in tumor microenvironment: mediators of intercellular communications in tumor progression
Increasing evidence indicates that the ability of cancer cells to convey biological information to recipient cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumor progression. Microvesicles (MVs) ...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:50mRNA-to-protein translation in hypoxia
Cells respond to hypoxia by shifting cellular processes from general housekeeping functions to activating specialized hypoxia-response pathways. Oxygen plays an important role in generating ATP to maintain a p...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:49TAMing pancreatic cancer: combat with a double edged sword
Among all the deadly cancers, pancreatic cancer ranks seventh in mortality. The absence of any grave symptoms coupled with the unavailability of early prognostic and diagnostic markers make the disease incurab...Molecular Cancer 2019 18:48
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