Measuring HIV-1 persistence in vivo

Measuring HIV-1 persistence in vivo

Edited by Ben Berkhout and Alexander Pasternak
Retrovirology

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication but does not eradicate the virus. HIV-1 forms a reservoir that persists despite prolonged therapy and is considered the main barrier to an HIV cure. Being able to accurately measure HIV persistence in ART-treated individuals is necessary for monitoring the response to ART, as well as the effectiveness of curative interventions aimed at HIV remission. This thematic series in Retrovirology contains a collection of review articles that describe traditional and novel methods of quantitation of HIV persistence in vivo.

This collection of articles has not been sponsored and articles have undergone the journal’s standard peer review process. The Editors declare no competing interests.

View all collections published in Retrovirology

1. Content Type:Review

   The role of integration and clonal expansion in HIV infection: live long and prosper

   Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. Although most cells infected with HIV are rapidly eliminated in vi...

   Authors:Elizabeth M. Anderson and Frank Maldarelli

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:71

   Published on: 23 October 2018

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2. Content Type:Review

   Total HIV DNA: a global marker of HIV persistence

   Among the different markers of HIV persistence in infected cells, total HIV DNA is to date the most widely used. It allows an overall quantification of all viral forms of HIV DNA in infected cells, each playin...

   Authors:Christine Rouzioux and Véronique Avettand-Fenoël

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:30

   Published on: 3 April 2018

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3. Content Type:Review

   Measuring integrated HIV DNA ex vivo and in vitro provides insights about how reservoirs are formed and maintained

   The identification of the most appropriate marker to measure reservoir size has been a great challenge for the HIV field. Quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA), the reference standard to quantify the amoun...

   Authors:Marilia Rita Pinzone and Una O’Doherty

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:22

   Published on: 17 February 2018

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4. Content Type:Review

   Measuring replication competent HIV-1: advances and challenges in defining the latent reservoir

   Antiretroviral therapy cannot cure HIV-1 infection due to the persistence of a small number of latently infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses. Measuring persistent HIV-1 is challenging, as ...

   Authors:Zheng Wang, Francesco R. Simonetti, Robert F. Siliciano and Gregory M. Laird

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:21

   Published on: 13 February 2018

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5. Content Type:Review

   Beyond the replication-competent HIV reservoir: transcription and translation-competent reservoirs

   Recent years have seen a substantial increase in the number of tools available to monitor and study HIV reservoirs. Here, we discuss recent technological advances that enable an understanding of reservoir dyna...

   Authors:Amy E. Baxter, Una O’Doherty and Daniel E. Kaufmann

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:18

   Published on: 2 February 2018

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6. Content Type:Review

   Episomal HIV-1 DNA and its relationship to other markers of HIV-1 persistence

   Reverse transcription of HIV-1 results in the generation of a linear cDNA that serves as the precursor to the integrated provirus. Other classes of extrachromosomal viral cDNA molecules can be found in acutely...

   Authors:Javier Martinez-Picado, Ryan Zurakowski, María José Buzón and Mario Stevenson

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:15

   Published on: 30 January 2018

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7. Content Type:Review

   HIV evolution and diversity in ART-treated patients

   Characterizing HIV genetic diversity and evolution during antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral reservoir during ART. This review describes common methods u...

   Authors:Gert van Zyl, Michael J. Bale and Mary F. Kearney

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:14

   Published on: 30 January 2018

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8. Content Type:Review

   Digital PCR as a tool to measure HIV persistence

   Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. In order to find a cure that can eradicate the latent reserv...

   Authors:Sofie Rutsaert, Kobus Bosman, Wim Trypsteen, Monique Nijhuis and Linos Vandekerckhove

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:16

   Published on: 30 January 2018

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9. Content Type:Review

   What do we measure when we measure cell-associated HIV RNA

   Cell-associated (CA) HIV RNA has received much attention in recent years as a surrogate measure of the efficiency of HIV latency reversion and because it may provide an estimate of the viral reservoir size. Th...

   Authors:Alexander O. Pasternak and Ben Berkhout

   Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:13

   Published on: 29 January 2018

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10. Content Type:Review

    Inducible HIV RNA transcription assays to measure HIV persistence: pros and cons of a compromise

    With the increasing number of therapeutic strategies tested in humans to reduce the size of the latent reservoir, the development of a robust, precise and clinical trial scalable assay that measures the freque...

    Authors:Johann Plantin, Marta Massanella and Nicolas Chomont

    Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:9

    Published on: 17 January 2018

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11. Content Type:Review

    Single-molecule techniques to quantify and genetically characterise persistent HIV

    Antiretroviral therapy effectively suppresses, but does not eradicate HIV-1 infection. Persistent low-level HIV-1 can still be detected in plasma and cellular reservoirs even after years of effective therapy, ...

    Authors:Xiao Qian Wang and Sarah Palmer

    Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:3

    Published on: 9 January 2018

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12. Content Type:Review

    Next-generation in situ hybridization approaches to define and quantify HIV and SIV reservoirs in tissue microenvironments

    The development of increasingly safe and effective antiretroviral treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) over the past several decades has led to vastly improved patient survival when treatment is a...

    Authors:Claire Deleage, Chi N. Chan, Kathleen Busman-Sahay and Jacob D. Estes

    Citation:Retrovirology 2018 15:4

    Published on: 9 January 2018

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13. Content Type:Review

    Innovations in the quantitative virus outgrowth assay and its use in clinical trials

    A robust measure of the size of the latent HIV reservoir is essential to quantifying the effect of interventions designed to deplete the pool of reactivatable, replication competent proviruses. In addition to ...

    Authors:Nicholas J. Norton, Axel Fun, Mikaila Bandara, Mark R. Wills, Hoi Ping Mok and Andrew M. L. Lever

    Citation:Retrovirology 2017 14:58

    Published on: 21 December 2017

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14. Content Type:Review

    The mouse viral outgrowth assay: avatars for the detection of HIV-1 reservoirs

    Sensitive assays are needed for the detection of residual viral reservoirs in HIV-1-infected subjects on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy regimens to determine whether eradication strategies are ...

    Authors:Kelly A. Metcalf Pate and Joel N. Blankson

    Citation:Retrovirology 2017 14:52

    Published on: 21 November 2017

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