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Translating the microbiome: health and disease

Translating the microbiome: health and disease



Translating the microbiome: health and disease

 Guest editor: Curtis Huttenhower
The era of metagenomics for the characterisation of microbiota has led to a surge in surprising associations of the human microbiome with disease states. However, much remains unknown about what defines a normal microbiome and how perturbation predisposes to disease. To capture the advances in this emerging area, Genome Medicine is pleased to present a special issue focused on Translating the microbiome: health and disease.
This collection of articles has not been sponsored and articles have undergone the journal’s standard peer-review process. The Guest editor declares no competing interests.
  1. Content Type:Research

    While the role of the gut microbiome in inflammation and colorectal cancers has received much recent attention, there are few data to support an association between the oral microbiome and head and neck squamo...
    Authors:Hannah Wang, Pauline Funchain, Gurkan Bebek, Jessica Altemus, Huan Zhang, Farshad Niazi, Charissa Peterson, Walter T. Lee, Brian B. Burkey and Charis Eng
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2017 9:14
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  2. Content Type:Research

    Endometrial cancer studies have led to a number of well-defined but mechanistically unconnected genetic and environmental risk factors. One of the emerging modulators between environmental triggers and genetic...
    Authors:Marina R. S. Walther-António, Jun Chen, Francesco Multinu, Alexis Hokenstad, Tammy J. Distad, E. Heidi Cheek, Gary L. Keeney, Douglas J. Creedon, Heidi Nelson, Andrea Mariani and Nicholas Chia
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:122
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  3. Content Type:Research

    Nutritional interventions often fail to prevent growth failure in childhood and adolescent malnutrition and the mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies revealed altered microbiota in malnourished children an...
    Authors:Jun Chen, Yoshitaka Toyomasu, Yujiro Hayashi, David R. Linden, Joseph H. Szurszewski, Heidi Nelson, Gianrico Farrugia, Purna C. Kashyap, Nicholas Chia and Tamas Ordog
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:103
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  4. Content Type:Research

    Emerging evidence suggests that the in utero environment is not sterile as once presumed. Work in the mouse demonstrated transmission of commensal bacteria from mother to fetus during gestation, though it is uncl...
    Authors:Derrick M. Chu, Kathleen M. Antony, Jun Ma, Amanda L. Prince, Lori Showalter, Michelle Moller and Kjersti M. Aagaard
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:77
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  5. Content Type:Research

    Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been demonstrated in subjects with newly diagnosed and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study we sought to explore longitudinal changes in dysbiosis and ascertain ...
    Authors:Kelly A. Shaw, Madeline Bertha, Tatyana Hofmekler, Pankaj Chopra, Tommi Vatanen, Abhiram Srivatsa, Jarod Prince, Archana Kumar, Cary Sauer, Michael E. Zwick, Glen A. Satten, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Jennifer G. Mulle, Ramnik J. Xavier and Subra Kugathasan
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:75
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  6. Content Type:Research

    The human gut microbiota has been implicated in most aspects of health and disease; however, most of the bacteria in this community are considered unculturable, so studies have relied on molecular-based method...
    Authors:Jennifer T. Lau, Fiona J. Whelan, Isiri Herath, Christine H. Lee, Stephen M. Collins, Premysl Bercik and Michael G. Surette
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:72
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  7. Content Type:Research

    Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective means to achieve sustained weight loss for morbidly obese individuals. Besides rapid weight reduction, patients achieve major improvements of insulin sensitivity...
    Authors:Albert Palleja, Alireza Kashani, Kristine H. Allin, Trine Nielsen, Chenchen Zhang, Yin Li, Thorsten Brach, Suisha Liang, Qiang Feng, Nils Bruun Jørgensen, Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller, Carsten Dirksen, Kristoffer S. Burgdorf, Jens J. Holst, Sten Madsbad, Jun Wang…
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:67
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  8. Content Type:METHOD

    There is increasing interest in investigating how the compositions of microbial communities are associated with human health and disease. Although existing methods have identified many associations, a proper c...
    Authors:Chong Wu, Jun Chen, Junghi Kim and Wei Pan
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:56
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  9. Content Type:Research

    The effects of probiotic supplementation on fecal microbiota composition in healthy adults have not been well established. We aimed to provide a systematic review of the potential evidence for an effect of pro...
    Authors:Nadja B. Kristensen, Thomas Bryrup, Kristine H. Allin, Trine Nielsen, Tue H. Hansen and Oluf Pedersen
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:52
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  11. Content Type:Research

    Bacteremia, or bloodstream infection (BSI), is a leading cause of death among patients with certain types of cancer. A previous study reported that intestinal domination, defined as occupation of at least 30 %...
    Authors:Emmanuel Montassier, Gabriel A. Al-Ghalith, Tonya Ward, Stephane Corvec, Thomas Gastinne, Gilles Potel, Philippe Moreau, Marie France de la Cochetiere, Eric Batard and Dan Knights
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:49
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    The Erratum to this article has been published in Genome Medicine 2016 8:61
  12. Content Type:Review

    Humans are virtually identical in their genetic makeup, yet the small differences in our DNA give rise to tremendous phenotypic diversity across the human population. By contrast, the metagenome of the human m...
    Authors:Jason Lloyd-Price, Galeb Abu-Ali and Curtis Huttenhower
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:51
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  13. Content Type:Research

    Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are serious health concerns, especially in Western populations. Antibiotic exposure and high-fat diet (HFD) are important and modifiable ...
    Authors:Douglas Mahana, Chad M. Trent, Zachary D. Kurtz, Nicholas A. Bokulich, Thomas Battaglia, Jennifer Chung, Christian L. Müller, Huilin Li, Richard A. Bonneau and Martin J. Blaser
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:48
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  14. Content Type:Research

    Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains problematic, with up to 30 % of individuals diagnosed with primary CDI experiencing at least one episode of recurrence. The success of microbial-based thera...
    Authors:Anna Maria Seekatz, Krishna Rao, Kavitha Santhosh and Vincent Bensan Young
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:47
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  16. Content Type:Research

    A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the most commonly adopted special diet worldwide. It is an effective treatment for coeliac disease and is also often followed by individuals to alleviate gastrointestinal complaints...
    Authors:Marc Jan Bonder, Ettje F. Tigchelaar, Xianghang Cai, Gosia Trynka, Maria C. Cenit, Barbara Hrdlickova, Huanzi Zhong, Tommi Vatanen, Dirk Gevers, Cisca Wijmenga, Yang Wang and Alexandra Zhernakova
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:45
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  17. Content Type:Research

    The oral cavity is home to one of the most diverse microbial communities of the human body and a major entry portal for pathogens. Its homeostasis is maintained by saliva, which fulfills key functions includin...
    Authors:Niklas Grassl, Nils Alexander Kulak, Garwin Pichler, Philipp Emanuel Geyer, Jette Jung, Sören Schubert, Pavel Sinitcyn, Juergen Cox and Matthias Mann
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:44
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  18. Content Type:Research

    The adaptive immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by an interaction between host genetics and environment, particularly the host microbiome. Association of the gut microbiota with various...
    Authors:Jun Chen, Kerry Wright, John M. Davis, Patricio Jeraldo, Eric V. Marietta, Joseph Murray, Heidi Nelson, Eric L. Matteson and Veena Taneja
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:43
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  19. Content Type:Review

    The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in human metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered gut microbial ecosystems have be...
    Authors:Claire L. Boulangé, Ana Luisa Neves, Julien Chilloux, Jeremy K. Nicholson and Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:42
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  21. Content Type:Review

    Infections encountered in the cancer setting may arise from intensive cancer treatments or may result from the cancer itself, leading to risk of infections through immune compromise, disruption of anatomic bar...
    Authors:Ying Taur and Eric G. Pamer
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:40
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  23. Content Type:Research

    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death among cancers in the United States. Although individuals diagnosed early have a greater than 90 % chance of survival, more than one-third of individ...
    Authors:Nielson T. Baxter, Mack T. Ruffin IV, Mary A. M. Rogers and Patrick D. Schloss
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:37
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  24. Content Type:Comment

    There is a growing realization that the gut–brain axis plays a key role in maintaining brain health and the stress response. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a master regulator of this axis. Thus, o...
    Authors:Timothy G. Dinan and John F. Cryan
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:36
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  25. Content Type:Comment

    Management, manipulation, and restoration of a robust vaginal microbiota has the potential to vastly improve women’s health and disease prevention. However, a systems level understanding of how the vaginal mic...
    Authors:Jacques Ravel and Rebecca M. Brotman
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:35
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  27. Content Type:Research

    Frailty is arguably the biggest problem associated with population ageing, and associates with gut microbiome composition in elderly and care-dependent individuals. Here we characterize frailty associations wi...
    Authors:Matthew A. Jackson, Ian B. Jeffery, Michelle Beaumont, Jordana T. Bell, Andrew G. Clark, Ruth E. Ley, Paul W. O’Toole, Tim D. Spector and Claire J. Steves
    Citation:Genome Medicine 2016 8:8
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    The Erratum to this article has been published in Genome Medicine 2016 8:21
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