Anatomy, development, plasticity and repair
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Morphologic changes in the visual cortex of patients with anisometropic amblyopia: a surface-based morphometry study
Amblyopia is generally considered a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from abnormal visual experiences in early childhood and may persist to adulthood. The neural basis of amblyopia has been a matter of...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:39Chronic exposure to high fat diet triggers myelin disruption and interleukin-33 upregulation in hypothalamus
Hypothalamic inflammation including astrogliosis and microglia activation occurs after intake of high fat diet (HFD) in rodent models or in obese individuals. However, the effect of chronic HFD feeding on olig...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:33Notch signalling defines dorsal root ganglia neuroglial fate choice during early neural crest cell migration
The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, and function to relay somatosensory information from the body’s periphery to sensory perception centres within the brain...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:21Effect of lesion proximity on the regenerative response of long descending propriospinal neurons after spinal transection injury
The spinal cord is limited in its capacity to repair after damage caused by injury or disease. However, propriospinal (PS) neurons in the spinal cord have demonstrated a propensity for axonal regeneration afte...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:10Identification of the neurotransmitter profile of AmFoxP expressing neurons in the honeybee brain using double-label in situ hybridization
FoxP transcription factors play crucial roles for the development and function of vertebrate brains. In humans the neurally expressed FOXPs, FOXP1, FOXP2, and FOXP4 are implicated in cognition, including langu...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:69Modulation of long-term potentiation-like cortical plasticity in the healthy brain with low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields
Non-depolarizing magnetic fields, like low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields (LF-PEMFs) have shown the ability to modulate living structures, principally by influencing synaptic activity and ion channels...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:34A method for estimating relative changes in the synaptic density in Drosophila central nervous system
Synapse density is an essential indicator of development and functioning of the central nervous system. It is estimated indirectly through the accumulation of pre and postsynaptic proteins in tissue sections. ...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:30AxonTracer: a novel ImageJ plugin for automated quantification of axon regeneration in spinal cord tissue
Quantification of axon regeneration in spinal cord tissue sections is a fundamental step to adequately determine if an applied treatment leads to an anatomical benefit following spinal cord injury. Recent adva...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:8A gradient of frequency-dependent synaptic properties along the longitudinal hippocampal axis
The hippocampus is a functionally heterogeneous brain structure and specializations of the intrinsic neuronal network may crucially support the functional segregation along the longitudinal axis of the hippoca...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:79Downstream mediators of Ten-m3 signalling in the developing visual pathway
The formation of visuotopically-aligned projections in the brain is required for the generation of functional binocular circuits. The mechanisms which underlie this process are unknown. Ten-m3 is expressed in...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:78Shift in the function of netrin-1 from axon outgrowth to axon branching in developing cerebral cortical neurons
Netrin-1, a multifunctional axon guidance cue, elicits axon outgrowth via one of its receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) in several types of neurons, including cerebral cortical neurons of embryonic m...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:74Regeneration of long-distance peripheral nerve defects after delayed reconstruction in healthy and diabetic rats is supported by immunomodulatory chitosan nerve guides
Delayed reconstruction of transection or laceration injuries of peripheral nerves is inflicted by a reduced regeneration capacity. Diabetic conditions, more frequently encountered in clinical practice, are kno...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:53Lateral cortical Cdca7 expression levels are regulated by Pax6 and influence the production of intermediate progenitors
We studied whether regulation of Cdca7 (Cell division cycle associated 7) expression by transcription factor Pax6 contributes to Pax6’s cellular actions during corticogenesis. The function of Cdca7 in mediating P...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:47Hypertonic saline attenuates expression of Notch signaling and proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia and hypoxic BV-2 microglia
Ischemic stroke is a major disease that threatens human health in ageing population. Increasing evidence has shown that neuroinflammatory mediators play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemi...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:32Effect of skilled reaching training and enriched environment on generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum
Increased motor activity or social interactions through enriched environment are strong stimulators of grey and white matter plasticity in the adult rodent brain. In the present study we evaluated whether spe...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:31Effect of Spp1 on nerve degeneration and regeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury
Wallerian degeneration (WD) in injured peripheral nerves is associated with a large number of up- or down-regulated genes, but the effects of these changes are poorly understood. In our previous studies, we re...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:30Sleep/wake movement velocities, trajectories and micro-arousals during maturation in rats
Sleep is regulated by two main processes. The circadian process provides a 24-h rhythm and the homeostatic process reflects sleep pressure, which increases in the course of wakefulness and decreases during s...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:24Application of hairless mouse strain to bioluminescence imaging of Arc expression in mouse brain
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful technique for monitoring the temporal and spatial dynamics of gene expression in the mouse brain. However, the black fur, skin pigmentation and hair regrowth after d...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:18Immunization with neural derived peptides plus scar removal induces a permissive microenvironment, and improves locomotor recovery after chronic spinal cord injury
Immunization with neural derived peptides (INDP) as well as scar removal—separately—have shown to induce morphological and functional improvement after spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present study, we compar...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:7Bone morphogenetic protein-2-mediated pain and inflammation in a rat model of posterolateral arthrodesis
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a pleiotropic, secreted molecule with diverse effects. The potent ability of BMP-2 to stimulate bone growth prompted its widespread clinical use for arthrodesis (spine f...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:80Expression of Barhl2 and its relationship with Pax6 expression in the forebrain of the mouse embryo
The transcription factor Barhl2 is an antiproneural transcription factor with roles in neuronal differentiation. The functions of its homologue in Drosophila development are better understood than its functions i...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:76Hypertonic saline alleviates experimentally induced cerebral oedema through suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor VEGFR2 expression in astrocytes
Cerebral oedema is closely related to the permeability of blood–brain barrier, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) all of which are...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:64Col1a1+ perivascular cells in the brain are a source of retinoic acid following stroke
Perivascular stromal cells (PSCs) are a recently identified cell type that comprises a small percentage of the platelet derived growth factor receptor-β+ cells within the CNS perivascular space. PSCs are activ...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:49Age-related morphological regression of myelinated fibers and capillary architecture of distal peripheral nerves in rats
Regression of myelinated peripheral nerve fibers in the lower extremities contributes to sarcopenia and balance dysfunction in normal aging. This subclinical regression of myelinated fibers (MFs) is heavily in...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:39Developmental interneuron subtype deficits after targeted loss of Arx
Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) is a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor that functions primarily as a transcriptional repressor and has been implicated in neocortical interneuron specification and mig...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:35Effects of striatal transplantation of cells transfected with GDNF gene without pre- and pro-regions in mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Previously, we have shown that transgenic cells bearing the GDNF gene with deleted pre- and pro-regions (mGDNF) can release transgenic GDNF. The medium conditioned by transgenic cells with mGDNF induced axonal...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:34Engraftment of enteric neural progenitor cells into the injured adult brain
A major area of unmet need is the development of strategies to restore neuronal network systems and to recover brain function in patients with neurological disease. The use of cell-based therapies remains an a...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:5SP, CGRP changes in pyridoxine induced neuropathic dogs with nerve growth factor gene therapy
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known not only as a major factor for neuronal plasticity but also as a pain stimulator. Although there have been several trials with NGF for its application in the regeneration or ...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:1Characterization of a novel zebrafish (Danio rerio) gene, wdr81, associated with cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and dysequilibrium syndrome (CAMRQ)
WDR81 (WD repeat-containing protein 81) is associated with cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and disequilibrium syndrome (CAMRQ2, [MIM 610185]). Human and mouse studies suggest tha...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:96Effects of peripheral nerve injury on parvalbumin expression in adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
Parvalbumin (PV) is a calcium binding protein that identifies a subpopulation of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is also expressed in a high proportion...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:93Scutellarin regulates microglia-mediated TNC1 astrocytic reaction and astrogliosis in cerebral ischemia in the adult rats
Scutellarin, an anti-inflammatory agent, effectively suppressed microglia activation in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Robust microglia activation, acute in onset, was followed by astroglio...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:84Effects of melatonin on the nitric oxide system and protein nitration in the hypobaric hypoxic rat hippocampus
It is well documented that the nitric oxide (NO) might be directly involved in brain response to hypobaric hypoxia, and could contribute to memory deficiencies. Recent studies have shown that melatonin could a...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:61Treadmill exercise enhances therapeutic potency of transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cells in cerebral ischemic rats via anti-apoptotic effects
The transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) has proved to ameliorate ischemic brain injury in animals, but most transplanted MSCs undergo apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra, greatly compromising th...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:56Insights into the segmental identity of post-oral commissures and pharyngeal nerves in Onychophora based on retrograde fills
While the tripartite brain of arthropods is believed to have evolved by a fusion of initially separate ganglia, the evolutionary origin of the bipartite brain of onychophorans—one of the closest arthropod rela...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:53NKCC1 downregulation induces hyperpolarizing shift of GABA responsiveness at near term fetal stages in rat cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons
GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission is greatly influenced by cation-chloride cotransporter activity during developmental stages. In embryonic neurons Na–K–2Cl (NKCC1) cotransporters mediate active chloride ...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:41Shox2 is required for the proper development of the facial motor nucleus and the establishment of the facial nerves
Axons from the visceral motor neurons (vMNs) project from nuclei in the hindbrain to innervate autonomic ganglia and branchial arch-derived muscles. Although much is known about the events that govern specific...BMC Neuroscience 2015 16:39Defects in the retina of Niemann-pick type C 1 mutant mice
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by mutation of the Npc1 gene, resulting in a progressive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in lysosomes ...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:126Anti-inflammatory effects of Edaravone and Scutellarin in activated microglia in experimentally induced ischemia injury in rats and in BV-2 microglia
In response to cerebral ischemia, activated microglia release excessive inflammatory mediators which contribute to neuronal damage. Therefore, inhibition of microglial over-activation could be a therapeutic st...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:125IGF-1 enhances cell proliferation and survival during early differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to neural progenitor-like cells
There has been increasing interest recently in the plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential to differentiate into neural lineages. To unravel the roles and effects of different growth fa...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:91Chronic nicotine pretreatment is sufficient to upregulate α4* nicotinic receptors and increase oral nicotine self-administration in mice
Understanding the underlying causes of nicotine addiction will require a multidisciplinary approach examining the key molecular, cellular and neuronal circuit functional changes that drive escalating levels of...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:89Boundary cap neural crest stem cells homotopically implanted to the injured dorsal root transitional zone give rise to different types of neurons and glia in adult rodents
The boundary cap is a transient group of neural crest-derived cells located at the presumptive dorsal root transitional zone (DRTZ) when sensory axons enter the spinal cord during development. Later, these cel...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:60Astroglial-axonal interactions during early stages of myelination in mixed cultures using in vitro and ex vivoimaging techniques
Myelination is a very complex process that requires the cross talk between various neural cell types. Previously, using cytosolic or membrane associated GFP tagged neurospheres, we followed the interaction of ...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:59Ghrelin accelerates synapse formation and activity development in cultured cortical networks
While ghrelin was initially related to appetite stimulation and growth hormone secretion, it also has a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases and regulates cognitive function. The cellular basis...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:49Nanoscopic spine localization of Norbin, an mGluR5 accessory protein
Norbin is a neuron-specific, cytosolic protein that interacts with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and has a profound impact on mGluR5 signaling. Yet, little is known about its synaptic distribu...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:45Cell type-specific expression of Eps8 in the mouse hippocampus
Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 8 (Eps8) is a multifunctional protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics and architecture through its barbed-end capping and bundling activities. In cultured ...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:26Repeated mapping of cortical language sites by preoperative navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation compared to repeated intraoperative DCS mapping in awake craniotomy
Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was recently described for mapping of human language areas. However, its capability of detecting language plasticity in brain tumor patients was no...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:20Morphological changes of cortical pyramidal neurons in hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with acute and chronic liver diseases. It includes a number of neuropsychiatric disturbances including impaired motor activity a...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:15Temporal mismatch between pain behaviour, skin Nerve Growth Factor and intra-epidermal nerve fibre density in trigeminal neuropathic pain
The neurotrophin Nerve Growth factor (NGF) is known to influence the phenotype of mature nociceptors, for example by altering synthesis of neuropeptides, and changes in NGF levels have been implicated in the p...BMC Neuroscience 2014 15:1Cortical contusion injury disrupts olfactory bulb neurogenesis in adult mice
Experimental brain trauma activates quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) to increase neuronal progenitor cell proliferation in the adult rodent brain. Previous studies have shown focal brain contusion in the for...BMC Neuroscience 2013 14:142Schwann cell-free adult canine olfactory ensheathing cell preparations from olfactory bulb and mucosa display differential migratory and neurite growth-promoting properties in vitro
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) and Schwann cells (SC) is a promising therapeutic strategy to promote axonal growth and remyelination after spinal cord injury. Previous studies mainly focu...BMC Neuroscience 2013 14:141
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