Cellular and molecular mechanisms
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The Bdnf and Npas4 genes are targets of HDAC3-mediated transcriptional repression
Histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) promotes neurodegeneration in various cell culture and in vivo models of neurodegeneration but the mechanism by which HDAC3 exerts neurotoxicity is not known. HDAC3 is known to be...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:65Lipopolysaccharide worsens the prognosis of experimental cerebral ischemia via interferon gamma-induced protein 10 recruit in the acute stage
Infection is an important clinical complication facing stroke-patients and triples the risk of death within 30 days post-stroke via mechanisms which are poorly understood.BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:64Inhibition of autophagy triggers melatonin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells
Autophagy is considered to be another restorative focus for the treatment of brain tumors. Although several research have demonstrated that melatonin induces autophagy in colon cancer and hepatoma cells, there...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:63Diazepam and ethanol differently modulate neuronal activity in organotypic cortical cultures
The pharmacodynamic results of diazepam and ethanol administration are similar, in that each can mediate amnestic and sedative-hypnotic effects. Although each of these molecules effectively reduce the activity...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:58Localization of phosphotyrosine adaptor protein ShcD/SHC4 in the adult rat central nervous system
Mammalian Shc (Src homology and collagen) proteins comprise a family of four phosphotyrosine adaptor molecules which exhibit varied spatiotemporal expression and signaling functions. ShcD is the most recently ...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:57Weak correlations between serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in males
Neuroactive steroids seem to be implicated in a variety of neurophysiological and behavioral processes, such as sleep, learning, memory, stress, feeding and aging. Numerous studies have also addressed this imp...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:53Behavior, protein, and dendritic changes after model traumatic brain injury and treatment with nanocoffee particles
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread public health problem and a signature injury of our military in modern conflicts. Despite the long-term effects of even mild brain injuries, an effective treatment ...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:44Comparative study of striatum GABA concentrations and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in Parkinson's disease monkeys
Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative nervous system disease. Recent studies have shown that secondary changes in the GABA system play directly affect the pathogenesis of PD. There is still much de...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:42Short-term dynamics of input and output of CA1 network greatly differ between the dorsal and ventral rat hippocampus
The functional heterogeneity of the hippocampus along its longitudinal axis at the level of behavior is an established concept; however, the neurobiological mechanisms are still unknown. Diversifications in th...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:35Iron concentrations in neurons and glial cells with estimates on ferritin concentrations
Brain iron is an essential as well as a toxic redox active element. Physiological levels are not uniform among the different cell types. Besides the availability of quantitative methods, the knowledge about th...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:25In vitro characterization of odorranalectin for peptide-based drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier
The use of siRNA-based gene silencing has been recently underscored as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the stability of siRNA and other small molecule the...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:22Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on neuronal injuries by ouabain: the regulation of Na, K-ATPase; Src; and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
To determine whether photobiomodulation (PBM) rescued the disruption of Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential by ouabain; the Na, K-ATPase inhibitor. For PBM in this study, a 660 nm LED array ...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:19Assessing the protective effect of rosiglitazone against electronic cigarette/tobacco smoke-induced blood–brain barrier impairment
Smoking (TS) and recently e-cigarettes (EC) vaping, have been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction primarily relevant to oxidative stress, exposure to nicotine, and smoking-induced inflammation. It...BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:15PKCε phosphorylation regulates the mitochondrial translocation of ATF2 in ischemia-induced neurodegeneration
Global cerebral ischemia triggers neurodegeneration in the hippocampal CA1 region, but the mechanism of neuronal death remains elusive. The epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCε) has recently been identifi...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:76Downregulation of calcium-dependent NMDA receptor desensitization by sodium-calcium exchangers: a role of membrane cholesterol
The plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) has recently been shown to regulate Ca2+-dependent N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) desensitization, suggesting a tight interaction of NCXs and NMDARs in lipid na...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:73Anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline are mediated by retinoid signaling
Minocycline is a lipophilic tetracycline of increasing appeal in neuroscience as it inhibits microglial activation, a mechanism involved in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Own data point towards retinoid-...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:58Expression of alternatively spliced variants of the Dclk1 gene is regulated by psychotropic drugs
The long-term effects of psychotropic drugs are associated with the reversal of disease-related alterations through the reorganization and normalization of neuronal connections. Molecular factors that trigger ...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:55The roles of aromatic residues in the glycine receptor transmembrane domain
Cys-loop receptors play important roles in fast neuronal signal transmission. Functional receptors are pentamers, with each subunit having an extracellular, transmembrane (TM) and intracellular domain. Each TM...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:53Leptin: role over central nervous system in epilepsy
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ with different effects on the body. Many of these effects are mediated by leptin, a hormone strongly involved in regulation of feeding and energy metabolism. It has an importa...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:51Differential modulation of human GABAC-ρ1 receptor by sulfur-containing compounds structurally related to taurine
The amino acid taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) modulates inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors. This study aimed to determine if the dual action of taurine on GABAC-ρ1R relates to its structure. To address t...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:47Blue light induces a neuroprotective gene expression program in Drosophila photoreceptors
Light exposure induces oxidative stress, which contributes to ocular diseases of aging. Blue light provides a model for light-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and retinal degeneration in Drosophila me...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:43Calcium currents in striatal fast-spiking interneurons: dopaminergic modulation of CaV1 channels
Striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSI) are a subset of GABAergic cells that express calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV). They provide feed-forward inhibition to striatal projection neurons (SPNs), recei...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:42Juvenile stress induces behavioral change and affects perineuronal net formation in juvenile mice
Many neuropsychiatric disorders develop in early life. Although the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated, it is possible that functional abnormalities of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV neurons) ...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:41NCX-DB: a unified resource for integrative analysis of the sodium calcium exchanger super-family
Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are low-affinity high-capacity transporters that mediate Ca2+ extrusion by coupling Ca2+ efflux to the influx of Na+ ions. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers form a super-family comprised of three branch...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:1927-Hydroxycholesterol increases α-synuclein protein levels through proteasomal inhibition in human dopaminergic neurons
Accumulation of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein is a hallmark of a group of brain disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies. The mechanisms responsible for α-syn accumulation are not well understood. S...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:17Chronic oxycodone induces axonal degeneration in rat brain
Chronic opioid therapy for non-malignant pain conditions has significantly increased over the last 15 years. Recently, the correlation between opioid analgesics and alternations in brain structure, such as leu...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:15Normal sleep bouts are not essential for C. elegans survival and FoxO is important for compensatory changes in sleep
Sleep deprivation impairs learning, causes stress, and can lead to death. Notch and JNK-1 pathways impact C. elegans sleep in complex ways; these have been hypothesized to involve compensatory sleep. C. elegans D...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:10Emerging roles for microRNA in the regulation of Drosophila circadian clock
The circadian clock, which operates within an approximately 24-h period, is closely linked to the survival and fitness of almost all living organisms. The circadian clock is generated through a negative transc...BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:1PeakCaller: an automated graphical interface for the quantification of intracellular calcium obtained by high-content screening
Intracellular calcium is an important ion involved in the regulation and modulation of many neuronal functions. From regulating cell cycle and proliferation to initiating signaling cascades and regulating pres...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:72A convenient UHPLC-MS/MS method for routine monitoring of plasma and brain levels of nicotine and cotinine as a tool to validate newly developed preclinical smoking model in mouse
A sensitive, rapid and selective UHPLC–MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Nicotine (NT) and Cotinine (CN) using Continine-d 3 as internal standard (...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:71PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protects neuroblastoma cells against amyloid-beta (Aβ) induced cell death and neuroinflammation via NF-κB pathway
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Aβ is the main constituent of senile plaques and is largely involved in neuronal deat...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:69The loss-of-function disease-mutation G301R in the Na+/K+-ATPase α2 isoform decreases lesion volume and improves functional outcome after acute spinal cord injury in mice
The Na+/K+-ATPases are transmembrane ion pumps important for maintenance of ion gradients across the plasma membrane that serve to support multiple cellular functions, such as membrane potentials, regulation of c...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:66A CLCA regulatory protein present in the chemosensory cilia of olfactory sensory neurons induces a Ca2+-activated Cl− current when transfected into HEK293
CLCA is a family of metalloproteases that regulate Ca2+-activated Cl− fluxes in epithelial tissues. In HEK293 cells, CLCA1 promotes membrane expression of an endogenous Anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also termed TMEM16A)-dep...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:61Neuroplasticity pathways and protein-interaction networks are modulated by vortioxetine in rodents
The identification of biomarkers that predict susceptibility to major depressive disorder and treatment response to antidepressants is a major challenge. Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that ...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:56Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence imaging efficiently identify individual neurons with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption in primary cortical cultures
CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful method to investigate the role of genes by introducing a mutation selectively and efficiently to specific genome positions in cell and animal lines. However, in primary neuron...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:55Iron oxide nanoparticles may damage to the neural tissue through iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation
In the recent decade, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been proposed for several applications in the central nervous system (CNS), including targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) in the arteries, inhibiting the mic...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:51Antagonistic action on NMDA/GluN2B mediated currents of two peptides that were conantokin-G structure-based designed
The GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) modulates many physiological processes including learning, memory, and pain. Excessive increase in NMDAr/GluN2B activity has been associated with va...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:44Effects of escitalopram and paroxetine on mTORC1 signaling in the rat hippocampus under chronic restraint stress
Recent studies have suggested that the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling may be related to antidepressant action. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether antidepressant drugs ...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:39Transcriptional signatures of steroid hormones in the striatal neurons and astrocytes
The mechanisms of steroids actions in the brain mainly involve the binding and nuclear translocation of specific cytoplasmic receptors. These receptors can act as transcription factors and regulate gene expres...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:37A noninvasive optical approach for assessing chloride extrusion activity of the K–Cl cotransporter KCC2 in neuronal cells
Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are indispensable for maintaining chloride homeostasis in multiple cell types, but K–Cl cotransporter KCC2 is the only CCC member with an exclusively neuronal expression i...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:23Selenium suppresses glutamate-induced cell death and prevents mitochondrial morphological dynamic alterations in hippocampal HT22 neuronal cells
Previous studies have indicated that selenium supplementation may be beneficial in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cell damage, in which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a major pathogenic fea...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:15Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors activate the p53 signaling pathway in neural stem/progenitor cells
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), which catalyzes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins by using NAD+ as a substrate, plays a key role in several nuclear events, including DNA repair, replication, and transcri...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:14Genistein protects against Aβ25–35 induced apoptosis of PC12 cells through JNK signaling and modulation of Bcl-2 family messengers
Deposition of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, leading to dysfunction and apoptosis of neurons. The isoflavone phytoestrogen compound genistein (Gen) exerts a significan...BMC Neuroscience 2017 18:12Planar cell polarity genes Frizzled3a, Vangl2, and Scribble are required for spinal commissural axon guidance
A fundamental feature of early nervous system development is the guidance of axonal projections to their targets in order to assemble neural circuits that control behavior. Spinal commissural neurons are an at...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:83TfAP-2 is required for night sleep in Drosophila
The AP-2 transcription factor APTF-1 is crucially required for developmentally controlled sleep behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans larvae. Its human ortholog, TFAP-2beta, causes Char disease and has also been lin...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:72Neuroprotective effects of HTR1A antagonist WAY-100635 on scopolamine-induced delirium in rats and underlying molecular mechanisms
Limited surveys have assessed the performance of 5-hydroxytreptamine receptor 1A and its antagonist WAY-100635 in pharmacological manipulations targeting delirium therapies. The purpose of this paper was to as...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:66The influence of postsynaptic structure on missing quanta at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
Synaptic transmission requires both pre- and post-synaptic elements for neural communication. The postsynaptic structure contributes to the ability of synaptic currents to induce voltage changes in postsynapti...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:53Decreasing the expression of PICALM reduces endocytosis and the activity of β-secretase: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Polymorphisms in the gene for phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), an endocytic-related protein, are associated with a small, increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:50Histological characterization of orphan transporter MCT14 (SLC16A14) shows abundant expression in mouse CNS and kidney
MCT14 (SLC16A14) is an orphan member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family, also known as the SLC16 family of secondary active transmembrane transporters. Available expression data for this transport...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:43A non-aggressive, highly efficient, enzymatic method for dissociation of human brain-tumors and brain-tissues to viable single-cells
Conducting research on the molecular biology, immunology, and physiology of brain tumors (BTs) and primary brain tissues requires the use of viably dissociated single cells. Inadequate methods for tissue diss...BMC Neuroscience 2016 17:30
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