From genome integrity to cancer

From genome integrity to cancer

Guest editor: Dr Serena Nik-Zainal

Genome Medicine is pleased to present a special issue entitled ‘From genome integrity to cancer: mechanisms and translational opportunities’. Next-generation sequencing and genomic approaches are revealing the mechanisms underlying genome integrity and how they are compromised in age-related diseases and cancer; this information can guide precision medicine. This issue captures the advances in understanding mutational processes and signatures, genome instability, cancer evolution, tumor heterogeneity, immune escape and resistance to therapies.

This collection of articles has not been sponsored and articles have undergone the journal’s standard peer-review process. The Guest Editor declares that they have no competing interests. The Guest Editor serves an advisory role to guide the scope of the special issue and commissioned content; final editorial decisions lie with the Editor.

1. Content Type:Comment

   Mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in cancer and insights into the DNA damage response

   Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) have entered the clinic for the treatment of patients with cancers that lack homology-directed DNA repair, but drug resistance remains a clinical hurdle. Recen...

   Authors:Paola Francica and Sven Rottenberg

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:101

   Published on: 28 December 2018

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2. Content Type:Research

   Identification of Jun loss promotes resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat through Myc signaling in luminal breast cancer

   Based on promising phase II data, the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat is in phase III trials for patients with metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Predictors of sensitivity and resist...

   Authors:Maki Tanioka, Kevin R. Mott, Daniel P. Hollern, Cheng Fan, David B. Darr and Charles M. Perou

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:86

   Published on: 30 November 2018

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3. Content Type:Review

   Genomics of response to immune checkpoint therapies for cancer: implications for precision medicine

   Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, which potentiate the body’s natural immune response against tumor cells, have shown immense promise in the treatment of various cancers. Currently, tumor mutational ...

   Authors:Jake R. Conway, Eric Kofman, Shirley S. Mo, Haitham Elmarakeby and Eliezer Van Allen

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:93

   Published on: 29 November 2018

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4. Content Type:Research

   Time series analysis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bevacizumab-treated breast carcinomas reveals a systemic shift in genomic aberrations

   Chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines and taxanes are commonly used in the neoadjuvant setting. Bevacizumab is an antibody which binds to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and inhibits its ...

   Authors:Elen Kristine Höglander, Silje Nord, David C. Wedge, Ole Christian Lingjærde, Laxmi Silwal-Pandit, Hedda vdL Gythfeldt, Hans Kristian Moen Vollan, Thomas Fleischer, Marit Krohn, Ellen Schlitchting, Elin Borgen, Øystein Garred, Marit M. Holmen, Erik Wist, Bjørn Naume, Peter Van Loo…

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:92

   Published on: 29 November 2018

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5. Content Type:Comment

   Inactivation of DNA repair—prospects for boosting cancer immune surveillance

   The emergence of drug resistance depends on the ability of the genome of cancer cells to constantly mutate and evolve under selective pressures. The generation of new mutations is accelerated when genes involv...

   Authors:Anna Truini, Giovanni Germano and Alberto Bardelli

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:91

   Published on: 28 November 2018

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6. Content Type:Research

   A role for the unfolded protein response stress sensor ERN1 in regulating the response to MEK inhibitors in KRAS mutant colon cancers

   Mutations in KRAS are frequent in human cancer, yet effective targeted therapeutics for these cancers are still lacking. Attempts to drug the MEK kinases downstream of KRAS have had limited success in clinical tr...

   Authors:Tonći Šuštić, Sake van Wageningen, Evert Bosdriesz, Robert J. D. Reid, John Dittmar, Cor Lieftink, Roderick L. Beijersbergen, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Rodney Rothstein and René Bernards

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:90

   Published on: 27 November 2018

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7. Content Type:Comment

   The ins and outs of telomere crisis in cancer

   Telomere crisis is linked with many of the genomic alterations found in cancer genomes. A new understanding of how these alterations arise points towards an active role for innate immune sensors during crisis ...

   Authors:Patrick von Morgen and John Maciejowski

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:89

   Published on: 27 November 2018

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8. Content Type:Comment

   Acquired mechanisms of immune escape in cancer following immunotherapy

   Immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of numerous cancers; however, a substantial proportion that initially respond subsequently acquire means of immune escape and relapse. Analysis of recent clinica...

   Authors:J. Bryan Iorgulescu, David Braun, Giacomo Oliveira, Derin B. Keskin and Catherine J. Wu

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:87

   Published on: 22 November 2018

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9. Content Type:Research

   Cell-free DNA profiling of metastatic prostate cancer reveals microsatellite instability, structural rearrangements and clonal hematopoiesis

   There are multiple existing and emerging therapeutic avenues for metastatic prostate cancer, with a common denominator, which is the need for predictive biomarkers. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has the potent...

   Authors:Markus Mayrhofer, Bram De Laere, Tom Whitington, Peter Van Oyen, Christophe Ghysel, Jozef Ampe, Piet Ost, Wim Demey, Lucien Hoekx, Dirk Schrijvers, Barbara Brouwers, Willem Lybaert, Els Everaert, Daan De Maeseneer, Michiel Strijbos, Alain Bols…

   Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:85

   Published on: 21 November 2018

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10. Content Type:Research

    Distinct microbes, metabolites, and ecologies define the microbiome in deficient and proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancers

    Links between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiome have been established, but the specific microbial species and their role in carcinogenesis remain an active area of inquiry. Our understanding would...

    Authors:Vanessa L. Hale, Patricio Jeraldo, Jun Chen, Michael Mundy, Janet Yao, Sambhawa Priya, Gary Keeney, Kelly Lyke, Jason Ridlon, Bryan A. White, Amy J. French, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Christian Diener, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Jaime Gransee, Tumpa Dutta…

    Citation:Genome Medicine 2018 10:78

    Published on: 31 October 2018

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