jueves, 9 de mayo de 2019

Asthma and Allergies

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Asthma and allergies are both very common health conditions that affect approximately 10% and 15% of the population in the United States respectively. Additionally, it is estimated that 70% of individuals with asthma also suffer from allergies, suggesting that there may be a link in the pathology of the two conditions.

Allergic asthma is a type of asthma that is provoked by exposure to certain allergens, such as pollen, dust, mould and animals. There are several similarities in the way asthma and allergies should be treated.

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Genetic Relationship

There appears to be a genetic relationship between allergies and the development of asthma, as a familial susceptibility is evident. If one or both parents suffer from allergies, there is an increased risk that any children will suffer from allergies. Stemming from this, individuals with allergies are more likely to develop asthma than the general population.

For this reason, it is worthwhile to be aware of family history of both allergies and asthma, to help in the diagnosis and management of both of these conditions.

What is Allergic Asthma?

Allergic asthma is a type of asthma that involves asthma symptoms that are induced by the presence of allergens, commonly referred to as triggers.

These allergens cause the immune system to respond by releasing immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the area, which leads to inflammation and swelling in the lungs. The airways can become narrower as a result and make it difficult for the individual to breathe normally.

Allergic Asthma Triggers

There are several triggers that are known to provoke an allergic reaction and worsen symptoms of asthma in affected individuals. These include:

Pollen: the airborne particles that come from trees, grasses and weeds outside
Dust mites: the feces and body parts of the tiny dust mites found in fabric-based items (e.g. mattresses, pillows, carpets, clothes, stuffed toys)
Mould: the airborne spores produced by moulds found inside or outside where moisture is present
Pets: the urine, feces, saliva, hair or dander of pets
Cockroaches: the feces, saliva and body parts of the insects

It is important that people that suffer from allergic asthma are aware of these triggers, particularly any that they have noted have an effect on their symptoms.

Similarities in Management

There are several beneficial management techniques that can offer a benefit for individuals suffering from asthma or allergies or both.

In particular, it is important to identify and limit exposure to triggers that are linked to worsening of symptoms for individuals with allergic asthma.

There are also some similarities in the symptomatic treatment, as both conditions are marked by inflammation that needs to be controlled to relieve symptoms. For example, montelukast is a medication that is used to control the immune system response during an allergic reaction. This can be taken daily to reduce the occurrence of symptoms of both allergies and asthma.

Immunotherapy is an alternative option to reduce the associated inflammation and response to triggers. This is a more complex process, involving regular injections over an extended time period with a small concentration of allergens to increase tolerance and reduce symptoms.