viernes, 9 de noviembre de 2018

Supporting Children with Mental Health Disorders

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By Liji Thomas, MDReviewed by Damien Jonas Wilson, MD, BASc.Eng.

Once a child has been diagnosed with mental illness, a lot of support is needed to help the child cope and recover as well as possible, and enjoy the best quality of life. On one hand, a diagnosis can help alleviate much of the anger, helplessness and frustration felt by the whole family when confronted by symptoms of mental illness without knowing why. On the other, the family and other people in contact with the child must now learn new ways to deal with the child and cope with new demands.

Image Credit: Sasin Paraksa / Shutterstock

Supporting the Mentally Ill Child

The first level of support is from the family. It is important that this time is one of fully accepting the child, sick or not, and learning what to expect and how to react to difficult attitudes and behavior.

Caring for the Child’s Needs

Parents may show value to the child in several ways, which include:

Relaxing and enjoying the child’s company in fun activities
Encouraging free and open discussion of the child’s feelings and concerns
Providing a nutritious and tasty diet, encouraging regular outdoor exercise, and enough sleep
Attending appointments with the child and ensuring proper compliance with therapy
Developing a daily routine to help the child adjust to the demands of the mental illness as well as helping the caregiver accomplish all that is necessary
Where possible, discussing ahead of time how much can be shared with friends and family at home and at school to help them deal properly with the situation
Providing a feeling of a safe and trustworthy environment for the child to help recovery and maintain progress

Parental Training

Parents may greatly benefit from training to help them to:

be on the lookout to praise the child for accomplishments and abilities
understand why earlier negative attitudes built up in the family due to the presence of symptoms originating from the illness
work on undoing such disruptive patterns of behavior and adopting positive patterns of interaction within the family
learn ways to relieve stress, possibly along with the child
accept counseling sessions as a family, both to understand better what the child is going through and what to expect, as well as to learn how best to help
learn and communicate new behavior patterns and skills from the counselors to change earlier attitudes of frustration, disappointment and anger to healthy family interactions
seek professional help if the child shows any self-destructive or violent behavior

Parents and School

Parents need to take the initiative to work out a common plan with the child’s teachers, along with the school counselor, to enable the child to meet academic goals
Work with the school to manage the child’s health properly
Communicate regularly with caregivers at school
Teachers and other caregivers should know what to expect from the child and what to do if anything occurs for which they are not prepared
The child’s medications should be arranged to be given regularly and on schedule, arranging with school workers when necessary
If applicable, use special education services (in the form of an education program adapted for the child, which should be developed within a fixed period) to help the child learn better especially if there are signs of difficulty in school
Even if special educational programs are not available, free public education appropriate to the child’s disability can be sought as the right of the child with mental disability
Many countries have special training and information centers for parents as well as advocacy workers to ensure that parents get the right help for their children’s education once they are diagnosed with mental illness, as for instance a professional evaluation using validated tools

Neighbors

The neighbors and friends of the child should know what the child’s condition is to the extent that they know about the child’s normal routine, know how to help with medications if required, and can respond properly and take the right steps if they see anything unusual, such as signs of withdrawal or sadness.

Support Groups

Support groups are invaluable to help find new and better ways to cope with the illness in healthy ways and perhaps learn about new treatment options, by connecting with other families and parents with similar problems. If meetings are held these provide good times of sharing both successes and challenges and learning more about the condition from experts, thus encouraging parents to reach out and be part of a larger community rather than sink into depression and isolation.

Parents and other caregivers should also be vigilant to take time off to recoup their own energy, and they should surround themselves with people who understand their stress. They may face the strain of not being able to work jobs as before, facing social ostracism or unthinking criticism, and chronic fatigue, especially if they are not well themselves. Encouragement to take time to look after oneself as well as one’s child is another great advantage of being part of a support group.

Help can be sought from doctors, community and hospital psychiatry centers, family or social services, religious organizations, and other private facilities if possible.