From genome integrity to cancer
Guest editor: Dr Serena Nik-Zainal
Genome Medicine is pleased to present a special issue entitled ‘From genome integrity to cancer: mechanisms and translational opportunities’. Next-generation sequencing and genomic approaches are revealing the mechanisms underlying genome integrity and how they are compromised in age-related diseases and cancer; this information can guide precision medicine. This issue captures the advances in understanding mutational processes and signatures, genome instability, cancer evolution, tumor heterogeneity, immune escape and resistance to therapies.
This collection of articles has not been sponsored and articles have undergone the journal’s standard peer-review process. The Guest Editor declares that they have no competing interests. The Guest Editor serves an advisory role to guide the scope of the special issue and commissioned content; final editorial decisions lie with the Editor.
Neoantigens and genome instability: impact on immunogenomic phenotypes and immunotherapy response
The resurgence of immune therapies in cancer medicine has elicited a corresponding interest in understanding the basis of patient response or resistance to these treatments. One aspect of patient response clea...Genome Medicine 2019 11:71Impact of the gut microbiome on the genome and epigenome of colon epithelial cells: contributions to colorectal cancer development
In recent years, the number of studies investigating the impact of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen sharply. As a result, we now know that various microbes (and microbial communities) ar...Genome Medicine 2019 11:11BAP1 haploinsufficiency predicts a distinct immunogenic class of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM) is a rare and fatal cancer that originates from the peritoneal lining of the abdomen. Standard treatment of PeM is limited to cytoreductive surgery and/or chemotherapy, ...Genome Medicine 2019 11:8The Research Highlight to this article has been published in Genome Medicine 2019 11:18- Genome Medicine 2019 11:4
Next Generation-Targeted Amplicon Sequencing (NG-TAS): an optimised protocol and computational pipeline for cost-effective profiling of circulating tumour DNA
Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) detection and monitoring have enormous potential clinical utility in oncology. We describe here a fast, flexible and cost-effective method to profile multiple genes simultaneousl...Genome Medicine 2019 11:1Mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in cancer and insights into the DNA damage response
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) have entered the clinic for the treatment of patients with cancers that lack homology-directed DNA repair, but drug resistance remains a clinical hurdle. Recen...Genome Medicine 2018 10:101Identification of Jun loss promotes resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat through Myc signaling in luminal breast cancer
Based on promising phase II data, the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat is in phase III trials for patients with metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Predictors of sensitivity and resist...Genome Medicine 2018 10:86Genomics of response to immune checkpoint therapies for cancer: implications for precision medicine
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, which potentiate the body’s natural immune response against tumor cells, have shown immense promise in the treatment of various cancers. Currently, tumor mutational ...Genome Medicine 2018 10:93Time series analysis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bevacizumab-treated breast carcinomas reveals a systemic shift in genomic aberrations
Chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines and taxanes are commonly used in the neoadjuvant setting. Bevacizumab is an antibody which binds to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and inhibits its ...Genome Medicine 2018 10:92Inactivation of DNA repair—prospects for boosting cancer immune surveillance
The emergence of drug resistance depends on the ability of the genome of cancer cells to constantly mutate and evolve under selective pressures. The generation of new mutations is accelerated when genes involv...Genome Medicine 2018 10:91A role for the unfolded protein response stress sensor ERN1 in regulating the response to MEK inhibitors in KRAS mutant colon cancers
Mutations in KRAS are frequent in human cancer, yet effective targeted therapeutics for these cancers are still lacking. Attempts to drug the MEK kinases downstream of KRAS have had limited success in clinical tr...Genome Medicine 2018 10:90The ins and outs of telomere crisis in cancer
Telomere crisis is linked with many of the genomic alterations found in cancer genomes. A new understanding of how these alterations arise points towards an active role for innate immune sensors during crisis ...Genome Medicine 2018 10:89Acquired mechanisms of immune escape in cancer following immunotherapy
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of numerous cancers; however, a substantial proportion that initially respond subsequently acquire means of immune escape and relapse. Analysis of recent clinica...Genome Medicine 2018 10:87Cell-free DNA profiling of metastatic prostate cancer reveals microsatellite instability, structural rearrangements and clonal hematopoiesis
There are multiple existing and emerging therapeutic avenues for metastatic prostate cancer, with a common denominator, which is the need for predictive biomarkers. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has the potent...Genome Medicine 2018 10:85Distinct microbes, metabolites, and ecologies define the microbiome in deficient and proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancers
Links between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiome have been established, but the specific microbial species and their role in carcinogenesis remain an active area of inquiry. Our understanding would...Genome Medicine 2018 10:78
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