Background - Turmeric, a plant in the ginger family, is native to Southeast Asia. Its rhizome (underground stem) is used as a culinary spice and traditional medicine. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric; it’s responsible for the spice’s yellow color.
How Much Do We Know? - Much research has been done on substances from turmeric, but their health effects remain uncertain.
What Have We Learned? - Turmeric and curcumin are challenging to study because curcumin is unstable and has low bioavailability when it’s taken orally. In addition, curcumin products may differ in composition, which makes the results of studies difficult to compare.
- Because the actions of turmeric and its components in people are complex and not well understood, no clear conclusions have been reached about whether these substances have benefits for health conditions.
What Do We Know About Safety? - Turmeric and conventionally formulated curcumin products are probably safe when taken orally or applied to the skin in the recommended amounts.
- Efforts have been made to develop curcumin products with increased bioavailability, and many modified products are already on the market. Improving bioavailability might lead to increases in harmful effects as well as desirable ones.
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